Job Hazard Analysis Guide
Appendix B – Hazards and Safe Work Procedures for Common Job Components in Mechanical Construction
Note: MCAA recommends that workers wear hardhats, safety glasses, work gloves, and protected toe boots or shoes at all times while working on a jobsite.
| Job Components | Hazards | Safe Work Procedures |
|---|---|---|
| Acids | Burns, Eye damage, Respiratory irritant/possible chronic damage | Review/observe SDS, Wear splash proof goggles, face shield, and impermeable gloves and clothing, Provide adequate ventilation, Use respiratory protection when needed |
| Adhesives | Respiratory irritant, Skin irritant | Review/observe SDS, Wear safety glasses and impermeable gloves, Provide adequate ventilation |
| Ammonia | Burns to the eye, skin, and/or lungs, Corrosive, Fire, Potentially explosive | Review/observe SDS, Provide adequate ventilation, Wear splash goggles, face shield, impermeable gloves, and cotton clothing, Use respiratory protection when needed, Keep away from oil/combustible materials, Keep a fire extinguisher nearby |
| Asbestos | Asbestosis, Lung cancer, Mesothelioma | Identify materials containing friable asbestos, Determine exposure (sample/monitor), Provide adequate ventilation with HEPA filter collection, Use respiratory protection when needed, Establish decontamination practices, Ensure that only certified abatement personnel remove asbestos |
| Cable Machine | Struck by, Pinched, Electric shock, Soft tissue-back, Spine | Inspect the machine for defects, Inspect attachments to ensure that they are in good condition/working properly, Wear safety glasses/gloves, Use GFCI, Monitor cable slack, Prevent cable from wrapping around body parts, Use proper lifting techniques |
| Carbon Monoxide | Asphyxiation | Provide adequate ventilation, Monitor CO in excavations/enclosed spaces, Ensure that exhaust systems are well maintained |
| Compressed Air | Struck by object, Object in eye, Injection | Determine/observe maximum safe air pressure, Wear hardhat, safety glasses, face shield, and gloves, Ensure that hoses and attachments are properly secured, Keep air release attachments pointed in a safe direction, Never use compressed air to clean off clothing or body parts |
| Confined Spaces | Asphyxiation, Fire, Explosion, Toxic exposure | Identify/designate a competent person, Test the atmosphere for O2 level and flammable, explosive, and toxic substances, Secure permit if required, Provide adequate ventilation, Use respiratory protection when needed, Continuously monitor space, Provide a properly trained attendant, Ensure that rescue equipment is available and in place |
| Copper Cutting/Prep Machine | Laceration, Object in eye, Electric shock | Inspect for defects, Wear safety glasses and gloves, Use GFCI, Ensure that material is properly secured, Remove adjusting keys or switches before starting, Establish good housekeeping in the work area |
| Core Drilling (Floor) | Struck by object, Electric shock, Trip, Fall | Inspect for defects, Identify and mark utilities and post stress tension cables, Properly size the machine and core bit, Ensure that the machine is properly leveled and anchored, Barricade the area below the drilling operation, Use GFCI, Wear a hardhat, safety glasses, gloves, and ear plugs, Properly position workers to use the machine safely, Prevent water and electric current from coming together, Immediately cover holes that are 2" or larger, Install friction rings when changing bits, Use the proper wrench when changing bits |
| Core Drilling (Wall) | Struck by object, Electric shock, Trip | Inspect for defects, Barricade the work area on both sides of the wall, Use chain fall to lift the drill into place, Properly size the machine and core bit, Ensure that the machine is properly leveled/anchored, Ensure that leveling legs are in place, Use GFCI, Wear a hardhat, safety glasses, gloves, and ear plugs, Properly position workers to use the machine safely, Provide a continuous flow of water, Prevent water and electric current from coming together, Install friction rings when changing bits, Use the proper wrench when changing bits, Lock the slide down when the machine is moved, Use proper lifting techniques when moving the machine |
| Corrosives | Burns to the eyes, skin, and/or lungs | Review/observe SDS, Provide adequate ventilation, Wear splash proof goggles, a face shield, and impermeable gloves and clothing, Ensure that the container is properly labeled, Close/seal containers when not in use |
| Cut Off Tool (High Speed) | Laceration, Object in eye, Struck by object | Secure required permits, Inspect for defects, Use only dual-action trigger type/no positive locking switch on tool, Ensure that the guard is in place, Ensure that the support handle is in place, Replace the cutting wheel immediately when needed, Ensure that the cutting wheel RPMs match the tool RPMs, Ensure that the cutting wheel rotation matches the tool rotation, Ensure that locking nut is tight, Establish good housekeeping in the work area, Secure material in place before cutting, Ensure there is no pressure stored in the material being cut, Wear safety glasses, a face shield, gloves, and ear plugs, Use two hands to operate the tool, Keep the cutting wheel perpendicular to the cut, Prevent the cutting wheel from being pinched/bound by the material, Never use this tool for grinding |
| Drill (Hammer Drill - Electric) | Struck by, Electric shock | Inspect for defects, Ensure that the plug's ground prong is in place, Use only in dry conditions, Protect the cord from cuts/insulation damage, Use GFCI, Ensure that guards are in place, Wear a face shield, gloves, safety glasses, and ear plugs, Ensure that the proper bit is used, Replace dull bits immediately, Establish good housekeeping in the work area, Identify hidden electrical lines, pipes, rebar, or objects, Use two hands to operate the drill, Properly position the operator to use the drill safely |
| Drill Press | Laceration, Object in eye, Electric shock, Burn | Inspect for defects, Use GFCI, Ensure that the bit is sharp, Ensure that the bit is installed straight and tight, Wear safety glasses, gloves, ear plugs, and snug clothing, Provide adequate lighting, Ensure unrestricted access to E-stop, Set up and secure the drill table at the proper height, Keep the drill table clean, Secure/clamp the material before drilling, Set the proper drill speed, Use only the proper cutting fluid |
| Duct Spray Sealer | Skin/eye damage, Electric shock, Respiratory sensitization | Inspect for defects, Ensure that the plug's ground prong is in place, Use GFCI, Wear safety glasses, a face shield, and gloves, Provide adequate ventilation, Keep pressurized discharge in a safe direction, Ensure that the nozzle tip guard is in place, Barricade the work area, Isolate overspray to prevent contact with energized electrical conductors, Engage the trigger lock when not spraying, Relieve the unit of pressure when not in use |
| Excavations | Struck by, Asphyxiation | Secure the required permit, Determine/designate a competent person to oversee the work, Use a qualified utility locator service to Identify and mark utilities, Address affected power lines, Ensure that a protective system is in place, including benching, sloping, and shielding, Ensure access/egress within 25' of every worker in the excavation, Keep the spoil pile 2' or more from the edge of the excavation, Wear a hardhat, safety glasses, and gloves, Barricade the area around the excavation, Establish and monitor oxygen content when needed |
| Extension Cord | Electric shock | Inspect for defects, Ensure that the plug's ground prong is in place, Use GFCI, Protect the cord from chemicals, Protect the cord from extreme heat or burns, Protect the cord from sharp edges, Protect the cord in doorways, Prevent the cord from being run over by jobsite vehicles or traffic, Ensure the cord is never hung by nails, staples, or other sharp objects, Ensure the cord is never suspended with uninsulated wire, Keep the cord away from standing water and puddles |
| Fiberglass | Skin irritation, Respiratory sensitization | Review and observe SDS, Wear safety goggles, a face shield, impervious gloves, and a Tyvek suit mask, Provide adequate ventilation, Wear a dust mask, Wear a respirator in place of a dust mask when needed, Remove sources of heat or ignition from the work area, Keep a fire extinguisher nearby, Secure pipe in place before cutting or grinding, Set up an airborne dust particle vacuum when cutting or sanding fiberglass, Use a coarse sanding drum on a low speed drill to reduce dust, Establish good housekeeping in the work area, Consider and address solvent spills, Seal and properly store solvents and solvent containers when not in use |
| Flammable/Combustible Liquids | Fire, Burn, Asphyxiation, Respiratory sensitization | Use only in small quantities, Keep contained in metal cans with self-closing lids, Ensure that containers are properly labeled, Ensure that liquids are used and stored away from sources of ignition, Ground drum/bond container to drum when transferring liquid from drum to container |
| Forklift | Struck by, Crushed by, Pinched | Inspect for defects, Test controls, Ensure that the operator is properly qualified, Wear a hardhat, safety glasses, and gloves, Use and fuel solid tire forklifts on solid, smooth surfaces, Provide adequate ventilation for internal combustion powered lifts, Properly secure the load, Check the structural integrity of pallets, Transport the load as low to the ground as possible, When not in use, park the forklift on level ground, When not in use, place the forks down, turn off the ignition, and set the parking brake |
| Fusion Machine | Lacerations, Struck by, Soft tissue-back, spine, Carbon monoxide | Inspect the machine for defects, Position the machine for proper clearance, Secure the machine in place, Test to ensure the machine is working properly, Maintain safe clearance when the facing tool is upward, Place the blades in the down position before start-up, Ensure proper shoes are in place, clean, and free of debris, Wear a hardhat, safety glasses, and gloves, Provide adequate ventilation in the work area and control fumes, Monitor carbon monoxide in affected excavations, Use two workers to operate machine together, Properly position workers to use machine safely, Use proper lifting techniques, Clearly mark pinch points |
| Gantry | Struck by, Pinched | Inspect for defects, Wear a hardhat, safety glasses, and gloves, Make affected workers aware of pinch points, Communicate movement during operation, assembly, and disassembly, Keep the wheels clean, Install roof protection, Inspect sling/shackles for defects and proper capacity rating |
| Gas Cylinders (Compressed Gas) | Fire, Explosion, Struck by, Soft tissue-back, spine | Use proper manual material handling techniques, Move cylinders in wheeled cylinder carts, Secure cylinders in the upright position, Inspect for defects, Keep caps in place until cylinders are ready for use, Inspect valves, hoses, and torch for defects, Clean the torch tip, Clean (pop) cylinder valves before attaching the regulator, Check hoses and valves for leaks, Remove flammable/combustible materials from the work area, Keep a fire extinguisher nearby, Leave wrenches on cylinder valves while in use, Use only friction lighters for ignition, Keep cylinders a safe distance from sources of excessive heat or ignition, Keep cylinders out of confined spaces, Close valves, bleed hoses, and replace caps when finished, Keep oxygen cylinders separate from fuel gas cylinders when storing |
| Generators (Portable) | Electric shock, Carbon monoxide, Fire | Inspect for defects, Provide adequate ventilation, Shut off before refueling, Ensure the unit is properly grounded |
| Glycol | Skin irritation, Eye irritation, Organ damage (chronic exposure), Soft tissue-back, spine | Wear safety goggles, a face shield, and impermeable gloves and suit, Use drum carts for handling drums, Provide adequate ventilation, Review/observe SDS, Properly dispose of used glycol |
| Grinder (Bench) | Laceration, Abrasion, Object in eye, Electric shock, Burns | Inspect for defects, Ensure guards/shields are on unit, Ensure guards/shields are properly positioned, Set tool rests within 1/8" of wheel surfaces, Provide adequate lighting, Ensure that the plug's ground prong is in place, Use GFCI, Ensure the correct wheels are installed, Ensure the maximum RPM of the wheels is greater than or equal to the maximum RPM of the grinder, Ensure wheels are tight, Ensure wheels are clean and in good condition, Wear safety glasses, a face shield, gloves, ear plugs, and proper clothing, Remove flammable/combustible materials from the work area, Keep a fire extinguisher nearby, Unplug the unit before making adjustments or changing wheels |
| Grinder (Saddle Grinder) | Laceration, Abrasion, Object in eye, Electric shock, Burns | Inspect for defects, Ensure that the plug's ground prong is in place, Use GFCI, Replace the belt when it becomes worn or torn, Keep belt tension properly adjusted/monitored, Ensure that guards are in place and properly positioned, Wear safety glasses, a face shield, gloves, ear plugs, and proper clothing, Secure the piece being saddled, Monitor the belt and keep it in place while grinding, Remove burrs from pipe, Turn the power and breaker switches off before working on or adjusting the grinder, Establish good housekeeping in the work area |
| Grinder (Tungsten) | Laceration, Abrasion, Object in eye, Electric shock, Burns | Secure required permits, Inspect for defects, Ensure that the plug's ground prong is in place, Use GFCI, Ensure that the jig and grinding wheel are tight, Ensure that guards are in place and properly positioned, Wear safety glasses, a face shield, gloves, and ear plugs, Remove flammable/combustible materials from the work area, Keep a fire extinguisher nearby, Secure tungsten in the holder, Insert tungsten in the proper diameter guide, Turn the power and breaker switches off before working on or adjusting the grinder |
| Groover Machine | Electric shock, Pinch point, Laceration | Inspect for defects, Use GFCI, Use the proper size/condition extension cord, Wear safety glasses, gloves, protected toe boots, and snug clothing, Use the machine on level, firm ground, Anchor the machine when required by the manufacturer, Keep the work area well lit, Check the machine daily before use, Use an adequate number of workers, Ensure operation is by foot switch only, Make the operator aware of moving parts, Establish good housekeeping in the work area, Use a mechanical method to manage large pipe, Support work with adjustable/mobile pipe stands, Re-check setup after changing dyes |
| Helicopter (Hoisting by Helicopter) | Struck by, Object in eye, Crash | Establish/review rigging signals, Ensure helicopter crew reviews rigging procedures/hoist area, Verify the weight of the unit/load, Conduct a pre-lift meeting with riggers, pilot, and crew, Wear a hardhat with chin strap, mono-goggles, gloves, and appropriate clothing, Provide an adequate number of workers for the process, Clear all loose material off the roof, Ensure that rooftop fall prevention/protection is in place, Keep workers clear of the elevated load at all times, Ensure proper dissipation of static electrical charge, Establish barricades around the hoist area, Determine whether weather conditions are suitable for the lift |
| Hexavalent Chromium | Carcinogen | Review/observe SDS, Determine the concentration of chromium in stainless steel, Provide adequate ventilation, Position affected workers to keep fumes away from breathing zone, Use respiratory protection when needed |
| Hi-Jacker | Struck by, Crushed by, Pinched | Inspect for defects, Wear safety glasses, gloves, and protected toe boots, Keep wheels clean, Make the operator and affected workers aware of pinch points |
| Hoist (Duct Hoist) | Struck by object, Struck against object, Crushed by object, Pinched | Ensure that the hoist is properly sized for the job, Inspect for defects, Ensure that wheels and cables are in good condition and working properly, Establish and observe the manufacturer's rated capacity, Use a bottle holder for air hoists, Extend outrigger, Prohibit electric drill use for raising hoist, Stabilize the load before the lift, Use tie down straps/clamps when needed, Use cradles for round ducts, Never leave a load unattended in the raised position, Prohibited modifications to the hoist, Establish good housekeeping in the hoist area, Use the hoist only on flat/level work areas |
| Hoist (Chain Fall) | Struck by, Pinch Point | Inspect for defects, Wear hardhat/safety glasses/gloves/protected toe boots or shoes, Barricade area under chain fall/hoist area |
| Hoist (Come Along/Chain Hoist) | Struck by object, Struck against object, Crushed by object, Pinched | Ensure that the hoist is properly sized for the job, Inspect for defects, Ensure that the attachment/anchor point is capable of handling the load, Determine and observe the manufacturer's rated capacity, Wear safety glasses, gloves, and protected toe boots, Barricade the work area, Ensure that the Come Along is in the correct gear, Establish good housekeeping in the hoist area |
| Hoisting (Material) | Fall, Struck by object, Struck against object, Crushed by object, Pinched, Electric shock | Inspect for defects, Wear safety glasses, gloves, high visibility vest, Ensure that a fall prevention/protection system is in place when needed, Keep loads/load lines 10' or more away from energized electrical conductors, Establish hoist equipment load limits, Establish good housekeeping in the work area, Use load platforms when needed, Barricade the hoist area, Make affected people in the area aware of the operation, Ensure that the signal person and operator agree upon and understand signals |
| Hydrostatic Testing | Struck by object, Object in eye | Secure required permit, Notify other affected trades, Wear safety glasses, a face shield, gloves, and proper clothing, Barricade the work area, Isolate equipment, Ensure that hoses and pipe are rated for the anticipated test pressure, Ensure that all welds are free of insulation, Visually inspect all pipe welds, Ensure that gauges are inspected and calibrated, Ensure that test gauges range from 1½ to 4 times test pressure, Use a gauge at the pressure source, Use a gauge at the highest or furthest point from the pressure source, Ensure that vents have been installed to blow off air, Ensure that drains have been installed, Ensure that the hold time is enough to steady the pressure and walk line, Increase test pressure in increments of 20% or less, Ensure that the gauge is stable before increasing pressure, Consider and address affected energized electrical conductors |
| Jack Hammer (Electric) | Struck by, Soft tissue-back, shoulder, spine, Hernia | Inspect for defects, Ensure that the operator has reviewed the manufacturer's instructions, Wear safety glasses, a face shield, gloves, ear plugs, and proper clothing, Identify and mark utilities, Confirm that no soil hazards are present, Confirm that pulverized material won't create a hazardous atmosphere, Ensure that bits are sharp and in good condition, Use GFCI, Ensure that attachments are locked into the unit |
| Jack Hammer (Pneumatic) | Struck by, Soft tissue back, shoulder, spine, Hernia | Inspect for defects, Ensure that the operator has reviewed the manufacturer's instructions, Wear safety glasses, a face shield, gloves, ear plugs, and proper clothing, Identify and mark utilities, Confirm that no soil hazards are present, Confirm that pulverized material won't create a hazardous atmosphere, Ensure that bits are sharp and in good condition, Ensure that the air supply is disconnected before connecting or disconnecting tools, Ensure that air hose connections are secured, Ensure that attachments are locked into the unit, Barricade the work area |
| Ladder (Portable Straight) | Fall, Contact with electrical conductor | Inspect for defects, Ensure that the support surface is firm, level, and non-slippery, Set up at proper 4 to 1 pitch, Extend at least 3' above the landing, Secure in place, tie at top and/or brace at bottom, Consider and avoid contact with energized electrical conductors, Use non-conductive ladders around energized electrical conductors, Ensure rungs are free of ice, mud, and slippery substances, Maintain 3-point contact at all times while climbing, Stay off the top two rungs while climbing or working, Keep the belt buckle inside the ladder side rails to avoid reaching too far, Never carry tools, materials, or objects while climbing |
| Ladder (Stepladder) | Fall, Contact with electrical conductor | Inspect for defects, Ensure support surface is firm, level, and non-slippery, Consider and avoid contact with energized electrical conductors, Use non-conductive ladders around energized conductors, Ensure steps are free of ice, mud, and slippery substances, Never use stepladder as a straight ladder, Maintain 3-point contact at all times while climbing, Stay off the top two steps while climbing or working, Keep the belt buckle inside the ladder side rails to prevent reaching too far, Never carry tools, materials, or objects while climbing |
| Laser | Eye damage | Keep laser beam controlled and in a safe direction, Wear anti-laser eye protection, Consider and address reflected laser light, Consider and address the safety of other affected workers/trades |
| Lead | Organ damage, Nervous system problems, Reproductive system problems | Identify lead containing materials, Establish and monitor exposure, Provide adequate ventilation, Use respiratory protection when needed, Wear protective clothing, Establish and use proper decontamination practices |
| Lifts (Articulating Boom-Electric) | Fall, Struck by, Pinch point | Inspect for defects, Test controls, Ensure the battery is charged, Inform affected workers about lift operation pinch points, Use a fall restraint system/full body harness/lanyard, Move the lift only in the fully down position, Establish good housekeeping on platform decks, Use the lift only on smooth, solid, level surfaces, Maintain a clear view of the area being navigated |
| Lift (Boom Lift) | Fall, Struck by, Carbon monoxide | Inspect for defects, Wear full body harness/lanyard/fall restraint system, Establish good housekeeping on platform decks, Use the lift only on solid, level ground, Determine/observe rated capacity, Use only for positioning workers/tools/equipment, Ensure that all tools and equipment fit within the basket, Barricade the area under the lift, Ensure a clear view of the work area for lift navigation, Turn off gas powered lifts immediately after they are positioned inside the structure, Provide adequate ventilation |
| Lifts (Scissors) | Fall, Struck by, Pinch point | Inspect for defects, Test controls, Inform affected workers about lift operation pinch points, Use a fall restraint system/full body harness/lanyard, Move the lift only in the fully down position, Establish good housekeeping on platform decks, Use the lift only on smooth, solid, level surfaces, Use the lift only for positioning workers and small tools, Barricade the area under the lift, Prohibit the operator from running over cords, hoses, or welding leads, Maintain a clear view of the area being navigated |
| LP Gas | Fire, Respiratory Sensitizer, Asphyxiant | Review and observe the SDS, Inspect the cylinder for leaks, Ensure the excess flow valve is on the cylinder, Inspect valves, connectors, manifold valve assemblies, hoses, and regulators, Provide adequate ventilation, Remove flammable and combustible materials from the area, Keep a fire extinguisher nearby |
| Material Handling (Manual) | Soft tissue-back, spine, Hernia, Shoulder, Laceration, Pinch point, Fall, Struck by | Deliver materials as close to the work area as possible, Use lifting and moving equipment whenever possible, Wear safety glasses and gloves, Use proper lifting techniques, Make affected workers aware of pinch points and sharp edges, Stage materials at waist level, Establish good housekeeping in the work area, Ensure an adequate number of workers for lifting and carrying |
| Manganese | Nervous system problems | Review and observe the SDS, Provide adequate ventilation, Position workers to keep welding fumes away from the breathing zone, Use respiratory protection when needed |
| Pipe Stand | Struck by | Inspect for defects and structural integrity, Install locking washer and bolt, Use only on firm, level ground, Use only within the designated height, Establish the weight of the materials, Establish and observe the weight capacity of the stand, Wear safety glasses and gloves, Loosely secure pipe to the understructure/roustabout, Use auxiliary pipe stands while moving the original stands, Use wide base stands in place of tripod stands for pipe over 4" diameter |
| Plasma Cutting | Electric shock, Burn, Welder's flash, Fire | Secure required permit, Establish the proper voltage, Inspect leads for defects, Wear a welding helmet, welder's gloves, acceptable clothing, and ear plugs, Use a #10 shaded lens at a minimum, Maintain adequate ventilation in the work area, Remove flammable and combustible materials from the work area, Use fire blankets and/or welding screens to contain sparks, Keep a fire extinguisher nearby, Assign a fire watch for at least 30 minutes after cutting is complete |
| Pneumatic Testing | Struck by object, Object in eye | Secure required permit, Notify other affected trades about operation, Wear safety glasses, a face shield, gloves, and proper clothing, Barricade the work area, Isolate the equipment, Identify the operating pressure, Ensure that all welds are free of insulation, Visually inspect all pipe welds, Inspect and calibrate all gauges, Ensure that test gauges range from 1½ to 4 times test pressure, Use a gauge at the pressure source, Use a gauge at the highest or furthest point from the pressure source, Use a pressure relief valve for tests of 100 psi or more/1-hour plus hold, Isolate branch lines where applicable, Use blow down valves when branch lines are isolated, Ensure blow down valves are installed in the proper location |
| Power Washer | Laceration, Eye damage, Electric shock | Inspect for defects, Ensure that the plug's ground prong is in place, Use GFCI, Wear safety glasses, a face shield, rubber gloves, boots and a rain suit, Review/observe SDS when chemicals are used, Consider and monitor wind direction, Properly set and monitor pressure |
| Powder Actuated Tools | Puncture, Eye damage | Ensure that operator has specialized powder actuated tool training, and the appropriate license when required, Inspect for defects, Wear safety glasses, a face shield, gloves, and ear plugs, Inform/alert others in the work area before firing, Keep action pointed in a safe direction, Select the most appropriate power setting, Make the operator aware of the potential for ricochets, Ensure that the operator knows not to move the tool for 30 seconds after a misfire |
| Propress | Soft tissue-back, spine, Hernia, Electric shock, Pinch point, Laceration | Inspect for defects, Use proper lifting techniques, Use proper work posture, Consider and address pinch points, Use GFCI, Wear safety glasses, gloves, snug clothing |
| Pumps (Sewage Ditch Electric) | Electric shock, Struck by | Inspect for defects, Ensure that the plug's ground prong is in place, Use GFCI, Wear safety glasses and gloves, Lower pump by rope, Ensure the area directly under the pump is vacant when lowering the pump, Immediately disinfect a pump used on a sanitary system |
| Pumps (Sewage Ditch Gasoline) | Struck by, Carbon monoxide | Inspect for defects, Wear safety glasses and gloves, Lower the pump by rope, Ensure the area directly under the pump is vacant when lowering the pump, Ensure ditch is properly ventilated and monitored, Immediately disinfect a pump used on a sanitary system |
| Roof Top Work | Fall, Struck by object, Electric shock | Wear safety glasses, gloves, rubber boots, and fall protection equipment, Tie off and secure the access ladder, Establish fall prevention/protection, Identify and address skylights, hatches, and other fall hazards, Wear arc flash protective equipment when working on energized units, Implement lockout/tagout when required, Identify and address slip/trip hazards |
| Rigging (Chokers) | Struck by object | Calculate the weight of the load, Select the proper size/load rating, Ensure the load rating tag is attached and legible, Inspect nylon for cuts, tears, and worn eyes and threads, Inspect the cable for kinks, wickers, rusting, and deterioration, Ensure shackles are properly sized and rated, Inspect shackles for defects/original pins only, Ensure shackle pins are not resting on the hook, Arrange shackles to prevent side-loading, Ensure the spreader bar is load rated and certified, Use softeners to protect chokers from sharp or angled edges, Ensure softeners are properly sized |
| Rigging (Power Rigging-Hand Crabs) | Struck by, Crushed by, Pinched | Inspect for defects, Inspect rigging equipment for proper function, Ensure rigging equipment is properly sized, Wear safety glasses, gloves, and protected toe boots, Ensure proper attachment to the beam, Ensure cable is tracking properly on the drum, Ensure base is concrete anchored with a backup plate, Ensure a stop is present on the beam, Ensure the load line is free and clear, Ensure snatch blocks are the proper size, Consider and address the proper location of the snatch blocks |
| Rigging (Power Rigging-Pipe) | Struck by, Crushed by, Pinched | Evaluate the hoist area, Ensure rigging equipment is properly sized, Inspect rigging equipment for defects, Notify other affected trades, Barricade the hoist area, Wear safety glasses, gloves, and protected toe boots, Identify and address pinch points, Establish good housekeeping in the hoist area, Test load/ensure center of gravity is addressed |
| Rigging Sling (Alloy Steel Chain) | Struck by object | Inspect for defects, Ensure identification tag is in place and legible, Determine and observe the rated capacity, Ensure the correct type of sling is selected for the job |
| Rigging Sling (Natural-Synthetic Fiber) | Struck by object | Inspect for defects, Ensure identification tag is in place and legible, Determine and observe the rated capacity, Ensure the correct type of sling is selected for the job, Protect the sling from sharp edges and softeners |
| Rigging Sling (Synthetic Web) | Struck by object | Inspect for defects, Ensure identification tag is in place and legible, Determine and observe the rated capacity, Ensure the correct type of sling is selected for the job, Protect the sling from sharp edges and softeners |
| Rigging Sling (Wire Rope) | Struck by object | Inspect for defects, Ensure identification tag is in place and legible, Determine and observe the rated capacity, Ensure the correct type of sling is selected for the job, Protect the sling from sharp edges, corners, and softeners, Ensure that each leg is secured at the hook, Use a shackle with choker hitches |
| Sander (Bench) | Abrasion, Object in eye, Electric shock, Burn | Inspect for defects, Ensure guards and shields are in place and properly positioned, Ensure tool rests within 1/8" of the wheel surface, Ensure back sweeps within 1/4" of the wheel surface, Ensure adequate lighting, Ensure that the plug's ground prong is in place, Use GFCI, Ensure correct belt and disk are in place, Ensure that the maximum RPM of the wheels is greater than or equal to the maximum RPM of the sander, Ensure belts and disks are tight, Ensure belts and disks are clean and in good condition, Wear safety glasses, a face shield, gloves, ear plugs, and snug clothing, Remove flammable and combustible materials from the work area, Keep a fire extinguisher nearby, Unplug the sander before making adjustments or changing belts and disks |
| Saw (Chop Saw) | Laceration, Electric shock | Inspect for defects, Ensure that the plug's ground prong is in place, Use the saw only in dry conditions, Protect the cord from cuts and insulation damage, Use GFCI, Ensure the guard is in place, Wear a face shield, gloves, safety glasses, and ear plugs, Select the proper blade, Replace worn blades immediately, Establish good housekeeping in the work area |
| Saw (Circular Saw-Bench/Hand Held) | Laceration, Object in eye, Electric shock | Inspect for defects, Select the proper blade for the material, Ensure blade RPM is correct for the saw, Ensure the guard is in place and properly adjusted, Adjust the blade to the proper depth, Leave base mounted saws on the base, Wear safety glasses, a face shield, gloves, and ear plugs, Remove flammable and combustible materials from the work area, Use GFCI, Secure material in place, Ensure the blade is free from material before starting the saw, Use two hands to operate the saw |
| Saw (Porta Band Saw) | Laceration, Object in eye, Electric shock | Inspect for defects, Ensure guards are in place, Use GFCI, Wear safety glasses, gloves, and ear plugs, Use two hands to operate the saw, Establish good housekeeping in the work area, Secure material in place before cutting, Position yourself to use the saw safely, Keep feet and hands clear of operation, Unplug before maintaining the saw or changing the blade |
| Saw (Cut Off) | Laceration, Object in eye, Electric shock, Burns | Inspect for defects, Secure the saw and base, Ensure guards are properly placed, Set the proper cutting depth, Use GFCI, Wear safety glasses, gloves, ear plugs, and snug clothing, Ensure adequate ventilation, Ensure good housekeeping in the work area, Consider the extension cord's location before cutting, Unplug before changing the blade or performing maintenance |
| Saw (PDQ Saw-Electric) | Laceration, Electric shock | Inspect for defects, Wear safety glasses, a face shield, ear plugs, and snug clothing, Establish good housekeeping in the work area, Use GFCI, Ensure the blade is in good condition |
| Saw (PDQ Saw-Gas) | Laceration, Fire | Inspect for defects, Wear safety glasses, a face shield, ear plugs, and snug clothing, Establish good housekeeping in the work area, Keep a fire extinguisher nearby, Store gas at least 25' from the saw and work area, Provide adequate ventilation in the work area/control fumes, Ensure the blade is in good condition |
| Sawzall | Laceration, Object in eye, Electric shock | Inspect for defects, Ensure guards are in place, Use GFCI, Wear safety glasses, gloves, and ear plugs, Ensure the blade is properly inserted and locked in place, Use two hands used to operate the saw, Establish good housekeeping in the work area, Properly secure the material being cut, Position the operator to safely use the saw, Keep feet and hands clear of operation, Use the safety lock when not cutting, Disconnect from the power source before performing maintenance or blade changes, Check headroom |
| Scaffold (Mobile) | Fall from scaffold, Fall with scaffold | Establish/designate a competent person to oversee erection and dismantling, Perform a daily inspection, Inspect for defects, incompatible parts, and improper erection, Ensure the scaffold will support at least 4 times the intended load, Use only on solid, level ground, Use top rails, mid rails, and toe boards when the work platform is 10' or higher, Ensure the scaffold is properly tagged, Establish good housekeeping on work platforms, Inspect the ground for holes, cracks, debris, and encumbrances, Ensure wheels are locked before climbing, Never move a scaffold with anyone onboard |
| Scaffold (Supported) | Fall from scaffold, Fall with scaffold | Establish/designate a competent person to oversee erection and dismantling, Perform a daily inspection, Ensure the scaffold is erected at least 10' from power lines, Inspect for defects, incompatible parts, and improper erection, Ensure the scaffold will support at least 4 times the intended load, Erect only on firm ground, Erect on base plates, mud sills, or other firm foundations, Use top rails, mid rails, and toe boards when the work platform is 10' or higher, Ensure the scaffold is properly tagged, Establish good housekeeping on work platforms, Ensure a ladder or other proper scaffold access is in place |
| Silica | Silicosis, Suspect carcinogen | Provide adequate ventilation, Use dust collection cups with masonry drill bits, Use wet method or vacuum with HEPA filter when cutting concrete, Use respiratory protection when needed |
| Smoke Machine | Respiratory sensitization, Eye irritation, Fire | Review and observe SDS, Provide adequate ventilation, Wear safety glasses, gloves, and proper clothing, Determine and set proper pressure level, Establish emergency exits, Keep a fire extinguisher nearby |
| Soldering (Silver Soldering) | Burn, Fire, Respiratory sensitization | Secure required permit, Remove flammable and combustible materials, Ensure adequate ventilation, Keep a fire extinguisher nearby, Wear safety glasses, gloves, and proper clothing, Identify and isolate the contents of area pipelines, Complete required purging, Implement lockout/tagout where required, Secure oxygen and acetylene cylinders in the upright position, Secure B-tanks in the upright position, Turn off gas cylinders and tanks when leaving the area, Assign fire watch for at least 30 minutes after operation is complete, Shut down and cap oxygen and acetylene cylinders when work is completed |
| Solvents | Fire, Skin irritant, Central nervous system, Depression | Review and observe SDS, Provide adequate ventilation, Wear splash proof goggles, a face shield, and impermeable gloves and clothing, Close containers when not in use, Isolate from ignition sources, Keep a fire extinguisher nearby, Ensure containers are properly labeled |
| Stair Walker | Struck by, Pinched | Inspect for defects, Wear safety glasses and gloves, Barricade the stairwell, Ensure tires are properly inflated, Ensure battery is charged, Secure straps, Ensure that affected workers receive the proper training, Ensure affected workers are above the load, Inform affected workers about pinch points, Assign at least two workers to the task |
| Stored Energy | Electric shock, Struck by object, Object in eye | Identify stored energy, Turn off, block, and isolate sources of energy, Release/reelieve stored energy, Lock out the source of energy, Ensure the worker who locked out is the only one who can remove the lock |
| T-Puller | Struck by object, Electric shock, Object in eye | Inspect for defects, Wear safety glasses, gloves, and snug clothing, Use GFCI |
| Tools (Hand Tools) | Laceration, Puncture, Broken bone, Gouge, Struck by object | Inspect for defects, Ensure handle is tight, Wear safety glasses, gloves, and protected toe boots, Ensure the tool is clean, dry, and non-slippery, Ensure cutting tools are sharp |
| Torch Cutting | Burn, Fire, Explosion | Secure required permit, Remove flammable and combustible materials, Keep a fire extinguisher nearby, Ensure the work area is properly ventilated, Secure gas cylinders in the upright position, Inspect valves, gauges, hoses, and torch for defects, Ensure gauges are equipped with reverse flow check valves, Keep hoses and gauges away from oil, Wear cutting goggles, gloves, a face shield, and appropriate clothing, Equip cutting goggles with #5 shaded lenses or face shield with #5 shaded lens, Cap and properly store cylinders when not in use, Only use a striker to ignite the torch, Assign a fire watch for at least 30 minutes after cutting is complete |
| Walker/Stacker | Struck by, Crushed by, Pinched | Inspect for defects, Ensure the fork length is considered and adequate, Wear safety glasses, gloves, and protected toe boots, Ensure the travel path is clear, Ensure ramps are gradual enough to keep wheels on the ground, Ensure the load is secure and balanced, Keep the load low during travel, Use a ratchet binding strap or equivalent when raising the load |
| Welding (Electric Arc) | Electric shock, Burn, Fire, Respiratory sensitization, Welder's flash | Secure required permits, Inspect for defects, Wear a helmet, safety glasses, welding gloves and clothing, and boots, Ensure the proper shade of lens is used, Provide adequate ventilation, Use respiratory protection when required, Use the proper size extension cord, Inspect the extension cord for defects, Inspect leads for defects, Ensure welding screens are in place, Barricade the work area, Remove flammable and combustible materials from the work area, Keep a fire extinguisher nearby, Position affected workers to keep fumes from the breathing zone, Turn off the machine before fueling, Use a metal bucket for discarding electrodes, Keep a fire extinguisher nearby, Assign a fire watch for at least 30 minutes after cutting is complete |
| Welding (Orbital) | Electric shock, Burn, Fire, Respiratory sensitization | Secure required permit, Inspect for defects, Ensure gas connections are snug and check for leaks, Wear safety glasses and gloves, Review and observe material SDS, Provide adequate ventilation, Use GFCI, Keep a fire extinguisher nearby |
| Welding (Tig) | Electric shock, Burn, Fire, Respiratory sensitization, Welder's flash | Secure required permits, Inspect for defects, Ensure gas connections are snug, Wear helmet, safety glasses, welding gloves and clothing, and boots, Ensure that the proper shade of lens is used, Provide adequate ventilation, Ensure and monitor adequate oxygen/breathing air supply, Use respiratory protection when required, Inspect leads for defects, Ensure guards on stinger are in place, Ensure welding screens are in place, Barricade the work area, Remove flammable and combustible materials from the work area, Keep a fire extinguisher nearby, Ground the clamp as close to the work area as possible, Remain insulated from electrical current, Position the worker to keep fumes away from the breathing zone, Stand to one side of the flow meter when charging the bottle |
| Zinc | Respiratory sensitization, Zinc fume fever | Provide adequate ventilation, Position worker to keep fumes away from the breathing zone, Use respiratory protection when needed |
Item Code: SE81PDF
Mechanical Contractors Association of America, Inc. 1385 Piccard Drive • Rockville, MD 20850-4340 301-869-5800 • Fax 301-990-9690 • www.mcaa.org